Gingivitis: Cause, Effect, and Prevention

  • Published
  • By SSgt Christina Hilton and Senior Airman Ashley Lobina
  • 19th Medical Group
LITTLE ROCK AIR FORCE BASE, Ark. --  Have you ever been told you have gingivitis?

Many people have been told they have gingivitis but may be unsure what it means. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums surrounding the teeth. Signs of gingivitis are red, swollen gums that may bleed easily. Affected gums are sometimes sensitive but can be painless, leaving you unaware of the problem at hand.

Gingivitis can be treated and reversed with proper annual cleanings and home oral hygiene. It is a disease that if left untreated could lead to more significant problems such as periodontal disease.

Periodontal disease, also known as periodontitis, is a disease in which, in addition to the gums, the bone and other supporting mouth structures are affected. Periodontitis results in loss of bone and tooth support, decreases mobility of teeth and tooth sensitivity, and creates esthetic issues with possible loss of teeth if symptoms persist and become severe enough.  Unlike gingivitis, periodontitis is permanent and irreversible. If periodontitis develops, it can be stabilized, but you have to be committed to investing the time to practice good home care while visiting your dentist several times a year for professional cleanings.

While many issues may lead up to gingivitis and periodontitis, plaque is the most common culprit to the contribution of these diseases.

Plaque is composed of millions of bacteria and their byproducts. If left on too long, it can irritate your gums and lead to tooth decay. If you apply appropriate oral hygiene techniques and regularly remove plaque buildup, you can prevent gingivitis.

To effectively remove plaque, dentists recommend brushing at least twice daily for two minutes. Angle your toothbrush 45 degrees toward the gums and gently brush with a soft bristle toothbrush all the way to the gum line. Floss at least once a day using the "c shape" flossing technique. This can be accomplished by inserting the floss between the teeth and gently hugging each side of the tooth. Scrape up and down several times with gentle finger pressure until you feel the floss stop naturally. You can also use an antiseptic mouth rinse to help kill bacteria.

Now you know what causes gingivitis, what effects it could have on you long term, and how to prevent it from happening to you. Consider yourself fully equipped with the knowledge and tools to keep your gums happy and healthy!